Concepto y función dinámica de la teoría del bien jurídico-penal.

La composición de la sociedad moderna apunta a la necesidad de una mayor atención al estudio del Derecho penal, sus funciones y su legitimación. El actual desarrollo de las ciencias y las artes con mucho énfasis en el campo tecnológico, en el momento en que vivimos, y el que se puede alcanzar en un futuro muy próximo, pone de relieve la necesidad de una evolución metodológica para nuestra ciencia. Las desventajas de utilizar un concepto personal de bien jurídico, hermético y definido a priori impide el desarrollo de la dogmática penal y el debate sobre el ámbito de actuación del Derecho penal, lo que compromete el propio concepto y lo vacía de significado dogmático, tanto en el estudio de los tipos delictivos aislados y protectores de intereses individuales como para la aplicación del Derecho penal también a realidades supraindividuales. El desarrollo de un concepto dinámico y funcional de bien jurídico penal definido a posteriori puede ser una salida para el mantenimiento y la limitación de la función del Derecho penal como protector de los bienes jurídicos-penales.The composition of modern society points to the need for significant care in the study of criminal law, its role and legitimacy. Current advances of the lex artis and sciences, with emphasis on the technological field, witnessed in the time we live in and that may be purchased in the very near future, demonstrate the need for development of the methodology of our science. The disadvantage of a concept of a very personal matter as the aim of criminal protection and absolutely defined a priori, prevents the development of criminal dogmatic and the debate about the scope of action of the Criminal Law, compromising the concept and emptying it of meaning in both the study of isolated criminal types and protectors of individual realities as in wishing the application of criminal law also collective realities. The elaboration of a dynamic and functional concept of the protect object, defined a posteriori may be an outlet for the maintenance and limitation of function of Criminal Law as a protector of goods

Parameters of oxidative stress in saliva from patients with aggressive and chronic periodontitis

Objectives: Free radicals play an important role in the onset and progression of many diseases. The aim ofthis study was to investigate the contribution of oxidative stress in the pathology of aggressive (AgP) andchronic (CP) periodontitis and its relation with the clinical periodontal status.Methods: Eighty subjects were divided into two groups: 20 patients with AgP and 20 patients with CP withtheir 20 corresponding matched controls, based on clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing pocket depth(PPD), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Saliva reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and nonenzymaticantioxidant defences were measured by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay, asthiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) and total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP),respectively. Pearson?s correlation and multivariate analysis were used to determine the relationshipbetween ROS and TBARs and the clinical parameters.Results: ROS and TBARs were increased in AgP while TRAP was decreased, comparing with CP. In AgP, astrong and positive correlation was observed between ROS and TBARs and they were closely associatedwith CAL and PPD.Discussion: In AgP, but not in CP, oxidative stress is a high contributor to periodontal pathology and it isclosely associated with the clinical periodontal status.Fil: Acquier, Andrea Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; ArgentinaFil: de Couto Pita, Alejandra Karina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Busch, Lucila. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez, Gabriel A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Biofísica; Argentin

Innovation Processes of SMEs in Less Favoured Municipalities of Portugal

This paper examines the innovation processes of Small and MediumEnterprises (SMEs) in peripheral areas, particularly in the municipality of Guardaand in the islands of Sao Miguel and Santa Maria in the Azores. For this purpose, asurvey was conducted, and three models were estimated: a Logit model, to measurethe difference between firms that innovate and those that do not; a Tobit model,to measure the intensity of innovation; and a Probit model to analyze the type ofinnovation. The results show a positive relationship between the introduction of innovationsin the market sector and the age and activity of the companies, an inverserelationship in regards to the size of the company and in relation to the region

BEHAVIORAL AND CULTURAL ACCOUNTS OF CORRUPTION IN THE INTERFACE BETWEEN PUBLIC OFFICER AND CLIENT

O presente artigo aplica uma perspectiva analítico comportamental para examinar comportamento corrupto. Com esse artigo, pretende-se atender a um chamado feito há algumas décadas aos analistas do comportamento para estender os interesses e estratégias de sua disciplina a domínios tradicionalmente atribuídos às ciências sociais. Este artigo tem três objetivos: primeiro, examinar a corrupção como fenômeno comportamental e cultural; segundo, alertar a comunidade das ciências sociais para a utilidade das ferramentas conceituais analítico-comportamentais para a investigação da corrupção; terceiro, chamar a atenção de analistas do comportamento para algumas pesquisas sobre corrupção, que é uma das questões mais críticas do século XXI.Palavras-chave: Corrupção, Contingências, Metacontingências, Práticas culturais, Cultura.This paper applies a behavior analytic framework to examine corrupt behavior. With this article, we heed to the call made some decades ago to behavior analysts to extend the interests and strategies of their discipline into domains traditionally assigned to the social sciences. This article has three objectives: First, to examine corruption as behavioral and cultural phenomena; Second is to draw the attention of the social sciences community to the potentials of behavior analytic tools to investigate corrupt behavior; Third, to appeal to behavior analysts to direct some research attention to corruption, which is one of the most critical issues of the twenty-first century.Keywords: corruption, Contingencies, Metacontingencies, Cultural practices, Culture

The Exploitation of Host Iron Sources by Candida albicans during Oral Infection

Tight binding of iron by host proteins provides a natural resistance to microbial infections described as “nutritional immunity”. Inside oral epithelial cells, iron is stored in ferritin. The aim of this study was to determine the natural iron sources for the human pathogenic fungus Candida albicans during oral infection. In vitro, C. albicans can grow at physiological pH with ferritin as the sole source of iron while the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cannot. Moreover, C. albicans is only able to use ferritin as an iron source under conditions which permit acid production and acidification of the surrounding environment. A screen of mutants lacking components of each of the three iron acquisition systems of C. albicans revealed that only the reductive pathway is involved in ferritin iron utilisation. Additionally, hyphae but not yeast cells of this fungus can bind ferritin and this binding is essential for iron acquisition from ferritin. Transcriptional analysis of C. albicans cells binding ferritin suggested a role for the hyphal-associated protein Als3p in binding of ferritin. Indeed, hyphae of a mutant lacking Als3p were unable to bind ferritin. Furthermore, heterologous expression of Als3p allowed S. cerevisiae to bind ferritin, suggesting that Als3p is a ferritin receptor. Immunofluorescence localisation of ferritin in epithelial cells infected with C. albicans showed ferritin surrounding hyphae from wild type but not Dals3 mutant cells. In summary, this study suggests that C. albicans can use ferritin as an iron source via direct binding by Als3 on the surface of hyphae; iron release is then mediated by acidification and uptake is facilitated by the reductive pathway. This is the first study which demonstrates that a pathogenic microbe can directly use ferritin as an iron source

Luxury retailers and the challenges of emerging markets : Loja das Meias case study

The luxury industry has been growing strong for the past decade. Luxury is now everywhere and accessible to many more consumers. The present thesis investigates how emergent foreign consumers interact and impact the situation in Portugal, where most retail areas sank in the recession, the luxury market seems to be rising with several international high-end brand opening new stores in Lisbon. Throughout this thesis one question will be answered: “how can Portugal’s luxury retailers can be the bridge between international luxury brands and the consumers from emergent countries, with a closer focus on the Portuguese-speaking countries, such as Angola, Brazil, and Mozambique”. Loja das Meias, one of the oldest Portuguese luxury retailers, will illustrate which changes, and new strategies a retailer has to undergo to better reach and serve emergent consumers. To support the findings, an interview to the Director of Stores was conducted, as well as a survey to general luxury consumers to help shed some light into the profiles of these new consumers. Thus, consumers can be divided into two groups: (1) Snobs, composed by Angolans and Brazilians who value the internal dimensions of luxury, and attach importance to price as a signal of quality and exclusivity; (2) Bandwagon, featuring Chinese consumers who given their collectivistic culture are more prone to purchase in groups and conspicuous consumption. The majority of luxury retailer is increasingly more depended upon this new customer base, who seeks in Portugal a wider and more affordable offering. Finally, a teaching note is also provided to help scholars and students analyse the case study in a class situation.Na última década, a indústria do luxo tem vindo a crescer bastante. O luxo está agora muito mais presente e acessível a muitos mais consumidores. A presente tese estuda a interação e impacto que os novos consumidores de luxo oriundos de países emergentes têm tido no mercado Português, onde as restastes áreas do retalho estão em recessão, o mercado de luxo mostra sinais de crescimento, com algumas das mais prestigiadas marcas internacionais a abrir lojas em Lisboa. Durante a discussão, uma pergunta servirá como fio condutor: “de que maneira conseguem os retalhistas de luxo portugueses ser a ponte entre as marcas de luxo internacionais e os consumidores de países emergentes, nomeadamente os de Língua oficial portuguesa, como Angola, Brasil e Moçambique”. A Loja das Meias, um dos primeiros retalhistas de luxo em Portugal, servirá como exemplo para ilustrar que medidas e estratégias são tomadas para chegar e melhor servir estes novos segmentos. Para sustentar as conclusões, foi feita uma entrevista à Diretora de Lojas da empresa, bem como um questionário a consumidores de luxo, para melhor traçar o perfil dos novos consumidores. Assim, os consumidores podem ser divididos em 2 grupos: (1) Snobs, constituído por Angolanos e Brasileiros, que valorizam as dimensões internas do luxo e veem preços como sinal de qualidade e exclusividade; (2) Bandwagons, do qual fazem parte consumidores Chineses, que devido a sua cultura colectivista são mais dados a compras em grupo e por imitação. A maioria dos retalhistas de luxo está de facto dependente desta nova base de consumidores, que procura em Portugal uma oferta mais alargada a preços mais acessíveis. Para concluir, é também fornecida uma Teaching Note para que professores e alunos possam analisar este estudo de caso no contexto de uma sala de aula

Brazilian art and the dilemma of globalization: strategies of internationalization and cultural affirmation in two 1990s biennials

This paper will address specifically the 24th edition of the Sao Paulo Biennial (1998), which took up Oswald de Andrade's concept of anthropophagy as a guiding axis, but it will also bring to light the first edition of the Mercosul Biennial, which was held in 1997 in the city of Porto Alegre, situated in the south of Brazil, with the intention of establishing itself as a space for promotion of Latin American art. Both biennials are private entities, supported by autonomous foundations, but which require public funds to carry out their shows. It is noteworthy that those two shows were held a few years after the third edition of the Havana Biennial, which is widely recognized as a landmark in the history of the biennials based on South-South dialogue. I will point out the connections between the proposals of these exhibitions as well as relate them to the Brazilian economic situation at the time and the dilemma of globalization84CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ06553/2016-3; 452034/2018-

Educational Policy and Open Resources in Brazil: a Discursive Analysis

Discourse analysis is the French theoretical and methodological foundation of our research, in which we analyze the discursive operation of Open Educational Resources focusing on its potential destabilization effects in accessing cultural goods, educational assets and authoring processes. We understand that Open Educational Resources may become an educational policy, based on the principles of collaboration and openness, giving new meaning to the senses of authorship and learning materials. The current challenge is to intensify actions for a public debate on the relevance of open access. (Funded by São Paulo Research Foundation – FAPESP)